Which type of modern social exchange theory gives greater weight to society?

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Which type of modern social exchange theory gives greater weight to society?

Select one:

1. individualistic
2. collectivist
3. microlevel
4. personal

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A nurse working on a psychiatric unit is trying to focus on each client’s human strengths and their individuality to help them reach their potential. Which theorist, considered the father of humanistic psychology, is the nurse using in his or her nursing practice?

Select one:

1. Erikson
2. Freud
3. Maslow
4. Skinner

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A nurse researcher is interested in studying how fear of having an initial or subsequent heart attack motivates cardiovascular clients to eat and exercise properly. Which theory would be best for this researcher to use?

Select one:

1. theory of planned behavior
2. health belief model
3. general adaptation syndrome
4. theory of reasoned action

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When encouraged by a nurse to take a flu shot vaccination, an older adult client replies, “I’ve heard that those shots don’t really work all that well, anyway.” Which concept of the health belief model does the client’s comment most relate to?

Select one:

1. perceived severity
2. perceived barriers
3. perceived benefits
4. perceived susceptibility

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Public health nurses in Florida are educating prenatal and pregnant woman to protect themselves against mosquito bites because they have been associated with birth defects caused by the Zika virus. Which simple theory proposes that a specific organism is capable of causing an infectious disease?

Select one:

1. the web of causation
2. natural history of disease
3. germ theory
4. the epidemiologic triangle

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A client with systemic lupus erythematosus, an autoimmune disease, has developed pneumonia after being exposed from other shoppers at the mall. The client asks the nurse, “How this is possible since they were just shopping?” Which principle is the best response by the nurse given this situation?

Select one:

1. There are germs everywhere, and everyone is at risk for an infection just by breathing air.
2. Everyone’s biologic makeup is different, and what is contagious to one person may not be contagious to another.
3. With the rise of infections that are resistant to antibiotics, the threat of infection exposure is going to continue to rise.
4. A weakened immune system makes the client (the host) a higher risk of susceptibility to airborne organisms.

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A nurse is collecting data on the older adult population who is being relocated to senior living facilities. The nurse is focusing on the complexity of this living arrangement change and how it affects the older adults’ “normal” level of activity. Which theory would be best to implement in this research?

Select one:

1. cancer theories
2. immune function
3. genetic principles
4. homeostasis

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Which theory would best guide a study on the adjunct intervention of massage therapy in children with cancer and its impact on the body’s defense system against invading microorganisms?

Select one:

1. theory of immunity
2. stress and adaptation
3. web of causation
4. homeostasis

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A nurse is conducting a research study on the use of oral sucrose prior to immunization for pain management. Which theory would be most appropriate to use in this study?

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1. gate control theory
2. stress and adaptation
3. homeostasis
4. immune function

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A few months prior to annual performance appraisals, the nurse manager notes that lower committed employees step up and begin going above and beyond their usual performance. The manager suspects these employees are expecting a higher percentage of salary increase based on their recent efforts. Which theory do the employees apply hoping that recent effects of ability and motivation will pay off a higher reward?

Select one:

1. achievement–motivation theory
2. management theory
3. equity theory
4. expectancy theory

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Which quality improvement measure is used to determine sources of variation in a process that impacts service quality?

Select one:

1. best practices guidelines
2. evidence-based practice
3. evidence-based medicine
4. statistical process control

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A nurse researcher is interested in lack of reciprocity in family and divorce rates. Which theory might the researcher consider using?

Select one:

1. general systems theory
2. social networks
3. chaos theory
4. individualistic social exchange

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Which theory would be used for a study on the risk factors of specific birth defects for children born to parents with identified markers?

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1. theory of immunity
2. web of causation
3. epidemiologic triangle
4. genetic principles and theory

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What is the first step in the method of evidence-based medicine?

Select one:

1. systematic and comprehensive review of the literature to answer a question
2. analysis of the data uncovered to answer a question
3. development of a specifically defined and structured question
4. evaluation of the data and retrieval of data sources for methodologic rigor

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A manager is experiencing a problem on the nursing unit that requires immediate decisions that may be a result of using incomplete knowledge. The manager is experiencing in real life a choice between time constraints and economic payoff based on which process?

Select one:

1. organizational quantitative decision making
2. group decision making
3. the rational decision-making model
4. problem-solving process

Question 16

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Which statement is most accurate when trying to compare “morality” with “ethics” of a situation?

Select one:

1. In order to tell the difference, one needs to perform a systematic review of the person’s ancestry.
2. When reviewing both morality and ethics, the difference will be seen when exploring objective justifications.
3. The emphasis should be placed on the person’s value and character as he or she responds to health care situations.
4. The person’s set of cultural beliefs always carries bias to a certain extent.

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The nurse is working with a new client diagnosed with stage III breast cancer. When trying to analyze the various treatment plans, the client compares her biopsy cell type with those in the literature, comparing the recommended treatment course with outcome and benefit/risk plans. This type of analysis whereby similarities and differences between the plans are compared is an example of which Aristotle approach to ethics?

Select one:

1. cultural norms
2. analogical
3. phronesis
4. casuistry

Question 18

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When dealing with a complex nursing situation, many families ask the nurses for their opinions about life and death situations. If the nurse is practicing categorical imperative, which statement should the nurse bring to the forefront prior to giving the family an answer?

Select one:

1. Each person should shield themselves from their own biases and act neutrally when making decisions.
2. Do unto others as you would have them do unto you.
3. When assessing the ethics of a situation, a deontologist starts by get people to agree on what is fair.
4. Only act according to rules which you would be willing to require everyone in the world to follow.

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A nurse working in the ED overhears a client who was in a “gang fight” speaks to his peers about a threat of violence against the opposing gang member who hurt them. The nurse is in an ethical dilemma about maintaining confidentiality versus a duty to reporting this to authorities. Which advise should the supervisor give this nurse?

Select one:

1. “Consider all alternatives and consequences and choose that which will minimize potential harms and maximize benefits to all parties.”
2. “Many vulnerable populations deal with violence in their society, so we should just let it go.”
3. “The nurse should consider nonmaleficence, the principle of ‘first, do no harm’ before reporting this incident.”
4. “The principle of autonomy, or respect for persons, focuses on the rights of individuals so nurses should not be involved in the client’s choices.”

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A client is brought to the emergency department (ED) hallucinating and experiencing complications related to illicit IV drug usage. The client is climbing out of bed and trying to leave the ED “against medical advice” (AMA). The nursing personnel should consider which factor when making the decision as to whether to have security prevent this client from leaving the facility?

Select one:

1. Acknowledge that it is the clients right to leave the facility and there is no legal obligation to stop the client.
2. Clients have the right to refuse to make lifestyle changes (i.e., stop shooting up with illicit IV drugs) so allowing them to leave is an appropriate action.
3. The client’s situation does not meet the conditions that justify paternalism in health decision making.
4. Assess whether the client has the capacity to make the decision to leave AMA and is fully appraised to possible risks.

Question 21

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Which theory includes the idea of “in-groups” and “out-groups” in describing categories of working relationships between leaders and subordinates?

Select one:

1. behavioral theory
2. trait theory
3. emotional intelligence
4. leader–member exchange theory

Question 22

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A nurse notices that her supervisor tends to prefer leading the department by providing clear, step-by-step guidelines for tasks that need to be accomplished. The nurse recognizes that the supervisor is demonstrating which of the four leadership behaviors related to the path–goal theory of Robert House?

Select one:

1. achievement-oriented
2. supportive
3. participative
4. directive

Question 23

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What is one of the considerations in chaos theory?

Select one:

1. identifying the meaning of chaos by individuals
2. understanding how change occurs in systems over time
3. examining the interactions that lead to instability in society
4. following the disorder of individuals’ lives

Question 24

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A public health nurse has been asked to oversee “direct observation therapy” to ensure the local homeless clients with tuberculosis are taking their medications. The nurse is struggling with this assignment because she feels it is taking away which client right?

Select one:

1. quality of life
2. autonomy
3. justice
4. omission

Question 25

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A nurse, working on his or her graduate thesis, is looking at the sexual health and rights of the transgender population. Which theory would be most applicable to this research study?

Select one:

1. feminist theory
2. symbolic interaction theory
3. exchange theory
4. chaos theory

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A researcher is conducting a study on role strain of acute care nurses in the emergency department at large urban hospitals. Which theory would be most appropriate for the researcher to use?

Select one:

1. chaos theory
2. critical social theory
3. role theory
4. general systems theory (GST)

Question 27

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A nurse is considering researching how multicultural faith communities are assisting children dealing with morbid obesity? Which type of research study to assist in exploring this topic would help avoid cultural biases?

Select one:

1. utilizing chaos theory
2. implementing quantitative role theory concepts
3. consider using a qualitative ethnographic study
4. employing critical social theory

Question 28

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What is the focus of theories from the behavioral sciences?

Select one:

1. physically manifested illness symptoms
2. physiologic development
3. a person’s growth in response to environment
4. an individual’s psychological response to stimuli

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A nurse is implementing a research study in a senior living facility by talking to residents about their views on “the meaning of life” and words of wisdom they would like to pass down to future generations. Which developmental theorist would be most appropriate for the nurse to utilize for this human development study?

Select one:

1. Erikson
2. Sullivan
3. Freud
4. Skinner

Question 30

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A nurse, working in a busy emergency department (ED), is assessing a child with a burn and notices the child’s caregiver is hysterical and cannot stop crying and clinging. The nurse recognizes this person is experiencing severe anxiety and begins to implement measures to assist in reducing the caregiver’s anxiety. Which nursing theorist is the nurse basing his or her actions on?

Select one:

1. Peplau
2. Watson
3. Roy
4. Rodgers

 

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