An ethogram is a catalogue of behaviors exhibited by a species. In order to construct your ethogram you should conduct multiple observations, preferably during different times of the day and on different days. How many observation sessions or how many hours of observation should you conduct? There is no preset minimum requirement in regards to hours and or observation sessions as it will all be determined by the species you are observing and how active they may be during your observation sessions. You can conclude observations for your ethogram when you determine after repeated observations that you are no longer observing new behaviors or the rate at which new behaviors are being observed has slowed significantly. You do not need to observe the same individual for ethogram development just individuals of the same species. An alternative to a wild animal could be an animal in a zoo either live or via the different “cams” available for different organisms in different zoos. You could also develop en ethograms based on video previously recorded. Animals can include insects not just large or highly visible animals.
You must submit an ethogram of your selected species in a table format as the example of the elephant presented in class and included below. The first column will be the name of the behavior and the second column the description of the behavior in detail so that others reading the description will recognize the behavior when they observe it. Descriptions should be unbiased and devoid of interpretation. Descriptions should be clear, concise, and yet complete. If you want to explain the reason for a behavior do it in a separate column for comments. You can include a third column for comments you may want to include regarding some of the documented behaviors. Bonus points will be given to ethograms that include original sketches, drawings, or pictures of the behavior.
You are free to arrange behaviors by broader categories meaning all behaviors related to the categories are presented together for example all feeding behaviors or all behaviors related to interactions. Or you can arrange behaviors by frequency categories (i.e. common, uncommon, rare or other system of categorization you devise), basically how often you observed a behavior.
You must include a brief write-up of how you collected the information which should include at a minimum the following information:
Species being observed
Location of observation; geographic location and specific description of site
Time of day observations were taken
Duration of observations, record start and end times when observing to estimate total hours observed
Weather conditions; clear, cloud cover, temperature and any other observable weather variables.
Condition of the organism being observed; single, part of a group, primarily feeding, or resting etc.
Some Examples:
Different Behaviors of cranes while search for food and feeding (Foraging)
• Probing; beak is introduced in substrate as single stab
• Digging. Beak in introduced in substrate and turned or moved side to side
• Head scanning; head is low moving slowly from side to side as it walks
• Stabbing; spear-like motion of beak directed at an animal
• Head shake; generally after capturing an animal will shake head, apparently to break of or clean the item
• Head throwback; ingestion of food item (whole snail) or parts broken off after shaking (crab)
You can use previously recorded YouTube videos of an animal you’ll write the ethogram on, or you can use online web live videos. Here’s a link.
https://www.houstonzoo.org/explore/webcams/
Basically it’s a short table recording animal behavior. You can use excel or word whichever you prefer.
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