Crohns Disease Definition
A type of Inflammatory Bowel Disease
“Causes inflammation of the digestive tract, which can lead to abdominal pain, severe diarrhea, fatigue, weight loss and malnutrion” (Crohn’s Disease, 2019)
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Risk Factors
Age
Race or Ethnicity
Family History
History of Smoking
Use of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Medications
Environmental Factors
Majority of people who have IBD are usually diagnosed before the age of 30, however, some people don’t begin to have symptoms until their 50s or 60s.
The white population generally have the highest risk of Crohn’s disease than any other race. Though Crohn’s disease is found in all races.
If a person has a family member such as a child, parent or sibling they are at a higher risk for developing Crohn’s disease
According to the Mayo Clinic “cigarette smoking I the most important controllable risk factor for developing Crohn’s Disease.” (Crohn’s Disease, 2019)
Examples of NSAIDS are Ibuprofen, Naproxen, diclofenac sodium. If a person already has a a diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBS) and takes NSAIDs they are a risk for worsening the disease. Taking NSAIDs also places a person at risk for developing IBD.
Environmental factors that place a person at risk for Crohn’s include diet choices such has eating foods high in fat, and areas where a person resides such as industrialized country.
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Etiology
The exact cause of Crohn’s disease is unknown
Begins with Inflammation and abscesses
A bacterium or virus could trigger Crohn’s disease
Genetic Factor
According to the Crohn’s Colitis foundation “studies have shown that between 5% and 20% of people with IBD have a first-degree relative, such as a parent, child, or sibling, who also has one of the diseases”. (Long, 2020)
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How Crohn’s Disease Affects The Body
“As the disease progress you may start to feel fatigued and develop anemia. You may also experience nausea from constant irritation of the GI tract.”(Healthline)
A Progressive Disease
Will have this disease for the rest of their life
Common Symptoms
Diarrhea
Fever
Fatigue
Abdominal pain and cramping
Blood in the stool
Loss of appetite and weight
Because Crohn’s disease is a progressive disease it can lead to many complications such as bowel obstructions, ulcers, anal fissures, colon cancer and many other issues which could lead to the patient needing surgery. In many severe cases patients can end up with an ileostomy or a colostomy depending of what part of the bowel is affected. It’s important to understand once a person is diagnosed with Crohn’s disease, they will have this for the rest of their life due to there being no cure.
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Implications & Prevention
No cure for Crohn’s Disease
Primary Prevention
Secondary Prevention
Tertiary Prevention
Primary prevention consist of preventing disease development. An example of primary prevention for patients with Crohn’s disease would be ensuring that patients receive their immunizations. According to Practical Gastro “as compares to age matched general population, patients with IBD are at increased risk for vaccine-preventable illnesses, such as influenza, pneumococcal pneumonia and shingles”(Long, 2020). Education is also very important in primary prevention.
Secondary prevention is early detection of a disease and preventing it from getting worst. Early diagnosis of Crohn’s disease is very important because it allows for early treatment and could prevent damage to the intestines.
“Tertiary prevention refers to implementing measures to help lower the impact and or progression of long-term disease and disability. Authors write that in “Crohn’s disease ongoing inflammation can lead to development of strictures, which may cause obstruction and require bowel resection surgery”. (Long, 2020)
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Summary
Although there is no cure for Crohn’s disease there are treatment options that can reduce signs and symptoms of the disease.
Early diagnosis is key
Genetic history is very important
Changing diet, smoking cessation, and not taking NSAID’s is very important
References
Causes of Crohn’s Disease. (2020). Retrieved from Crohn’s & Colitis Foundation: https://www.crohnscolitisfoundation.org/what-is-crohns-disease/causes
Crohn’s Disease. (2019, December 24). Retrieved from Mayo Clinic: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/crohns-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20353304
Long, M. D. (2020, February). Prevention in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: An Updated Review. Retrieved from Practical Gastro: https://practicalgastro.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/GUILD-February-2020.pdf
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