Communicating professionally and ethically is an essential skill set we teach atStrayer. The following guidelines ensure:· Your writing is professional· You avoid plagiarizing others· You give credit to others in your work Review Strayer’s Academic Integrity Policy in the Student Handbook. Bookmark the SWS website for additional SWS resources. Visit the SWS YouTube page to view helpful SWS videos.Spring 2020Strayer University Writing Standards 2 Include page numbers. Use 1-inch margins. Use numerals (1, 2, 3, and so on) or spell out numbers (one, two, three, and so on). Double space body text in the assignment. Use consistent 12-point font. Use section headings to divide separate content areas. Center the section headings onthe page, be consistent, and include at least two section headings in the assignment. Include the assignment title, your name, course title, your professor’s name, and the dateof submission on a separate page (first page of submission). Use appropriate language and be concise. Write in active voice when possible. Find tips here. Use spelling/grammar check and proofread to keep work error free. Choose a point of view (first, second, or third person) as required by assignment guidelines. Provide credible sources to support your ideas/work when required. Find tips here. Cite sources throughout your work when you borrow someone else’s words or ideas. Don’t forget: Cite and add your textbook to the Source List if used as a source. Include a Sources List when the assignment requires research or if you cite the textbook. Type “Sources” centered horizontally on the first line of the Source List page. Record the sources that you used in your assignment in a numbered list (see GivingCredit to Authors and Sources section).Essay/Paper GuidelinesDesignTitle PageDevelopCite CredibleSourcesBuild aSources ListUse these rules when working on an essay!Strayer University Writing Standards 3 Use the provided template to format the assignment. Generally not required. If it is required, include the assignment title, your name, coursetitle, your professor’s name, and the date of submission on a separate page (first page ofsubmission). Use appropriate language and be concise. Write in active voice when possible. Find tips here. Use spelling/grammar check and proofread to keep work error free. Choose a point of view (first, second, or third person) as required by assignment guidelines. Specific assignment guidelines may override these standards. When in doubt, followspecific assignment guidelines first. Provide credible sources to support your ideas/work when required. Find tips here. Cite sources throughout your work when you borrow someone else’s words or ideas. Don’t forget: Cite and add your textbook to the Source List if used as a source. Complete the provided Source List when the assignment requires research or if you citethe textbook. If no specific area exists in the template, consult the assignment and instructor guidelinesfor appropriate source credit methods. Cite sources throughout your assignment when you borrow someone else’s words or ideas. When quoting or paraphrasing a source, include the source number in parentheses afterthe body text where you quote or paraphrase.Templated Assignment GuidelinesDesignTitle PageDevelopCite CredibleSourcesBuild aSource ListUse these rules when working on a written assignment that is not explicitly an essay!Strayer University Writing Standards 4 Use a background color or image on slides. Use Calibri, Lucida Console, Helvetica, Future, Myriad Pro, or Gill Sans font style. Use 28–32-point font size for the body of your slides (based on your chosen font style).Avoid font sizes below 24-point. Use 36–44-point font size for the titles of your slides (based on chosen font style). Limit slide content (7 or fewer lines per slide and 7 or fewer words per line). Number slides when the assignment requires 3 or more slides. Place numbers whereveryou like (but be consistent). Include appropriate images that connect directly to the slide content or presentation content. Include the assignment title, your name, course title, your professor’s name, and the dateof submission on a separate slide (first of submission). Use appropriate language and be concise. Write in active voice when possible. Find tips here. Use spelling/grammar check and proofread to keep work error free. Provide credible sources to support your ideas/work when required. Find tips here. Cite sources throughout your work when you borrow someone else’s words or ideas. Don’t forget: Cite and add your textbook to the Source List if used as a source. Sources may be provided on a slide-by-slide basis (providing Source List entries atbottom of slide where source referenced) or in a comprehensive Source List at theend of slideshow. Include a Sources List slide when assignment requires research or if you cite the textbook. Type “Sources” centered horizontally on the first line of the Source List slide. Provide sources used in your assignment in a numbered list (see Giving Credit to Authorsand Sources section).PowerPoint/Slideshow GuidelinesDesignTitle PageDevelopCite CredibleSourcesBuild aSources ListUse these rules when working on a PowerPoint or slideshow assignment!Strayer University Writing Standards 5 Use consistent 12-point font. Include appropriate images or media links that connect directly to discussion topic/content. Use appropriate language and be concise. Write in active voice when possible. Find tips here. Use spelling/grammar check and proofread to keep work error free. Provide credible sources to support your ideas/work when required. Find tips here. Cite sources throughout your discussion response when you borrow someone else’swords or ideas. Cite quotes and paraphrases correctly: Include the source number in parentheses afterthe body text where quotation or paraphrasing occurs. Don’t forget: Cite and add your textbook to the Sources List if used as a source. Type the word “Sources” at the end of your post, and below that include a list of anysources that you cited. Number all sources in the order they appear.Discussion Post GuidelinesDesignDevelopCite CredibleSourcesUse these rules when working on a Discussion Forum post or response!For more information on building a Source List Entry, seeSource List section.SAMPLE POST:The work is the important part of any writingassignment. According to Smith, “writing thingsdown is the biggest challenge” (1). This is significantbecause…Sources
William Smith. 2018. The Way Things Are. http://www.samplesite.com/writingIf you pulled information from more than one source,continue to number the additional sources in the order thatthey appear in your post.SAMPLE POST:The work is the important part of any writingassignment. According to Smith, “writing thingsdown is the biggest challenge” (1). This is significantbecause…The other side of this is also important. It is notedthat “the act of writing isn’t important as much asputting ideas somewhere useful” (2).Sources
William Smith. 2018. The Way Things Are. http://www.samplesite.com/writing
Patricia Smith. 2018. The Way Things Really Are.http://www.betterthansample.com/tiger ExamplesStrayer University Writing Standards 6Credit to Authors and SourcesOption #1: ParaphrasingRewording Source Information in Your Own Words· Rephrase source information in your own words. Avoidrepeating the same words of the author.· Remember, you cannot just replace words from theoriginal sentence.· Add the author’s last name and a number to the end ofyour paraphrase as a citation (which will be the same onyour Source List). ExamplesORIGINAL SOURCE“Writing at a college level requires informedresearch.”PARAPHRASINGAs Harvey wrote, when writing a paper for highereducation, it is critical to research and citesources (1).When writing a paper for higher education, it isimperative to research and cite sources (Harvey, 1).Option #2: QuotingCiting Another Person’s Work Word-for-Word· Place quotation marks at the beginning and end ofquoted information.· Limit quotes to two or fewer sentences (approximately 25words) at a time.· Do not start a sentence with a quotation.· Introduce and explain quotes within the context of yourpaper.· Add the author’s last name and a number to the end ofthe quote as a citation (which will be the same on yourSource List). ExamplesORIGINAL SOURCE“Writing at a college level requires informedresearch.”QUOTINGHarvey wrote in his book, “Writing at a college levelrequires informed research” (1).Many authors agree, “Writing at a college levelrequires informed research” (Harvey, 1).Use these rules for using evidence and creating in-text citations!General Credit· Credit quoted or paraphrased sources using an in-text citation. An in-text citation includes the primary author’s last nameand the number of the source from the Source List.· Before using any source, first determine its credibility. Then decide if the source is appropriate and relevant for yourproject. Find tips here.· Well-researched assignments have at least as many sources as pages (see assignment instructions).Strayer University Writing Standards 7Web sources are accessed through an internet browser.Home PagesA home page loads when typing a standard web address. For instance, typing Google.com into any web browser will takeyou to Google’s home page.Cite a homepage when using information from a news thread, image, or basic piece of information on a company’s website.Find Tips Here.Specific Web PagesIf using any web page other than the home page, include the specific page title and direct link (when possible) in the SourceList entry.If the assignment used multiple web pages from the same source, create separate Source List entries (if the title and/or webaddress is different).Effective Internet LinksWhen sharing a link to an article with your instructor and classmates, start with a brief summary of the article and why you chose toshare it.Share vs. URL OptionsCutting and pasting the URL (web address) from your browser may not allow others to view your source. This makes it hard forpeople to engage with the content you used.To avoid this problem, look for a “share” option and choose that when possible. Always test your link(s) before submitting.If you cannot properly share the link, include the article/source as an attachment. Interested classmates and your professor canreference the article shared as an attachment. Find tips here.Credit for Web SourcesCharts, images, and tables should be centered horizontally on the page and should be followed by an in-text citation. Designyour page and place a citation below the chart, image, or table. When referring to the chart, image, or table in the body of theassignment, use the citation.Do not include a chart, image, or table without introducing it in the assignment and explaining why it is necessary.On your Source List, provide the following details of the visual:· Author’s name (if created by you, provide your name).· Date (if created by you, provide the year).· Type (Chart, Image, or Table).· How to find it (link or other information; see Source List section for additional details).Charts, Images, and TablesStrayer University Writing Standards 8Traditional SourcesPage NumbersWhen referencing multiple pages in a textbook or otherprint book, consider adding page numbers to help theaudience understand where the information is found. Youcan do this in three ways:a. by including it in the body of your assignment; oror b. by using an in-text citation;or c. by listing page numbers in the order used in yourassignment on the Source List.Check with your instructor or the assignment guidelines tosee if there is a preference based on your course. ExampleIN-TEXT CITATION(Harvey, 1, p. 16)In the example, the author is Harvey, the source list numberis 1, and the page number where this information can befound is page 16.Multiple Sources (Synthesizing)Synthesizing is the use of multiple sources in oneparaphrased sentence or paragraph to make a strong point.While this is normally done in advanced writing, it could beuseful for any writing where you use more than one source.Find tips here.The key is clarity. If you paraphrase multiple sourcesin the same sentence (or paragraph if most of theinformation contained in the paragraph is paraphrased),you should include each source in the citation. Separatesources using semi-colons (;) and create the citation inthe normal style that you would for using only one source(Name, Source Number). ExampleSYNTHESIZED IN-TEXT CITATION(Harvey, 1; Buchanan, 2)In the example, the authors Harvey and Buchanan wereparaphrased to help the student make a strong point.Harvey is the first source on the Source List, and Buchananis the second source on the Source List.Advanced MethodsSome assignments require more advanced techniques. If necessary, these guidelines help with specialcase scenarios.Strayer University Writing Standards 9Substitution and EllipsisOmitting unnecessary information from a direct quotationis often required. To omit information, delete theunnecessary information and replace it with an ellipsisinside of square brackets, like this: […]. Find tips here.There are times when a quality source has made a mistake,but you still value the information that the source provides.To solve this issue, change elements of the source (notingwhat additions or changes were required). When changingelements within a direct quotation, delete the originalinformation and surround the new wording or spelling withsquare brackets, like this: “[W]riting”.The bracket here shows that the original source may havemisspelled “writing” or that the “W” has been capitalizedand was lowercase in the source material.NOTE: Ellipsis and square brackets cannot be used inparaphrased source material. ExampleORIGINAL SOURCE“Writing at a college level requires informedresearch.”ELLIPSISHarvey wrote that writing “at a college levelrequires […] research” (1).SUBSTITUTIONMany authors agree that “[w]riting at an [undergraduate] college level requires informed research” (1).Footnotes and Additional ContentWritten assignments may benefit from including relevantbackground information that is not necessarily importantfor the main body of the assignment.To include extra secondary evidence or authorialcommentary, insert a numeral superscript into the text ofthe assignment and add the extra evidence or commentaryin the footer of the page as a footnote. (Note: MicrosoftWord’s “Insert Footnote” function is the preferred method.) ExampleWhen writing a paper for higher education,4 it isimperative to research and cite sources (Harvey,1). This suggestion applies to both undergraduateand graduate students, and it is the first thing thatbeginning students must internalize.4 Mathews has pointed out that this suggestion isappropriate for all levels of education, even those outsideof university, and is in fact best practices for any formof professional writing (2). However, this paper focusesspecifically on writing in college-level education.AppendicesAn assignment may require an appendix following the Source List. The appendix is meant to declutter the assignment bodyor provide relevant supplemental information for the audience.If there is only one appendix, it is labeled, Appendix. More than one appendix may be required. Label the first appendixAppendix A, the second Appendix B, and so on. Each chart, graphic, or photograph referred to in the body of theassignment requires its own listing in the appendices.Use descriptive labels in the body of your written assignment to link each chart, graphic, or photograph to its place in theappendices. For example, when referring to a chart found in Appendix B, a student would include (see Appendix B, Cost ofTuition in Secondary Education, 2010-2019) after referring to data drawn from that chart.Strayer University Writing Standards 10Source ListThe Source List includes all sources used in your assignment. It is a new page added at the end of yourassignment. The list gives credit to authors whose work supported your own and should provide enoughinformation so that others can find the source(s) without your help.Build your Source List as you write.
Type “Sources” at the top of a new page.
Include a numbered list of the sources you used in your paper (the numbers indicate theorder in which you used them).
Use the number one (1) for the first source used in the paper, the number two (2) forthe second source, and so on.
Use the same number for a source if you use it multiple times.
Ensure each source includes five parts: author or organization, publication date, title,page number (if needed), and how to find it. If you have trouble finding these details, thenre-evaluate the credibility of your source.
Use the browser link for a public webpage.
Use a permalink for a webpage when possible. Find tips here.
Instruct your readers on how to find all sources that do not have a browser link or apermalink.
Separate each Source List element with a period on your Source List.AUTHOR PUBLICATION DATE TITLE PAGE NO. HOW TO FINDThe person(s) whopublished the source. Thiscan be a single person,a group of people, or anorganization. If the sourcehas no author, use “Noauthor” where you wouldlist the author.The date the source waspublished. If the sourcehas no publication date,use “No date” where youwould list the date.The title of thesource. If thesource has no title,use “No title”where you wouldlist the title.The pagenumber(s) used. Ifthe source has nopage numbers,omit this sectionfrom your SourceList Entry.Instruct readers how to findall sources. Keep explanationssimple and concise, butprovide enough informationso the source can be located.Note: It is your responsibilityto make sure the source canbe found. ExamplesMichael HarveyIn the case of multipleauthors, only list the first.2013This is not the same ascopyright date, which isdenoted by ©The Nuts &Bolts of CollegeWritingp. 1Include p. andthe page(s) used.http://libdatab.strayer.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspxSetting Up theSource List PageCreating aSource List EntrySource List ElementsStrayer University Writing Standards 11NOTE: For the example, Harvey is the first source used in the assignment. How It Will Look in Your Source List
Michael Harvey. 2013. The Nuts & Bolts of College Writing. p. 1. http://libdatab.strayer.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx Sample Source ListSources
Michael Harvey. 2013. The Nuts & Bolts of College Writing. p. 1. http://libdatab.strayer.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=590706&site=eds-live&scope=site
William R. Stanek. 2010. Storyboarding Techniques chapter in Effective Writing for Business, College and Life. http://libdatab.strayer.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=359141&site=eds-live&scope=site&ebv=EB&ppid=pp_23
Zyad Hicham. 2017. Vocabulary Growth in College-Level Students’ Narrative Writing. http://libdatab.strayer.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edsdoj&AN=edsdoj.9b7fad40e529462bafe3a936aaf81420&site=eds-live&scope=site
Anya Kamenetz. July 10, 2015. The Writing Assignment That Changes Lives. https://www.npr.org/sections/ed/2015/07/10/419202925/the-writing-assignment-that-changes-lives
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