3
The following questions are based on Human Capital and Human Development in the context of Economic Development of Developing Nations:
Post your brief but concise responses on the following Questions by due date. You may also respond to postings by other fellow class mates as part of your responses.
Make sure you give proper citation and references as part of your discussion/contribution.
1. What is human capital and why is it so crucial to expand human capital as part of the development process in developing countries? Give concrete example(s) of specific countries as part of your answer to substantiate.
2. Explain some of the reasons why developing countries have not realized a greater positive development impact from their higher education programs. In this context, why should the development of a solid elementary education system take precedence over an expansion of the university system in developing countries? Give specific country example that you find in your readings for the relevant materials.
3. Explain how a better-educated population will also tend to be a healthier, and vice versa, that a healthier population will tend to be better educated. In this context, how can an increase in human capital lead to an increase in GDP? Why might it not lead to an increase in GDP? Give a concrete example as part of you explanation to this question.
4
Post your responses to at least 2 of of the following 5 Qs by due date and also respond to at least another peer’s response with your comments and feedback by the same due date.
In our previous class discussions, we have stressed the importance of health and education/technology as the integral parts of the development process, where the role of women’s empowerment in key decision-making process of family affairs and population planning has been highlighted. As a follow up of that discussion, we can now look back and observe some of the important elements of sustainable economic development. A sustained growth rate of real GDP is one of them. The other integral factors that we have discussed are health care improvement for all citizens, education for disadvantaged women and children, elimination of child labor, preventing environmental degradation, rural development of agricultural transformation, promoting the freedom to choose and ownership rights of properties, and establishing democratic institutions with strong social settings of cooperation.
From the perspectives of the above integration of development strategy, critically discuss the following question regarding the issues of agricultural transformation and integrated rural development. Your answers is required to give examples of specific country case studies, which were discussed in relevant study materials for countries in Latin America, Sub-Saharan Africa and Asia.
1. Compare and contrast between the concepts of integrated rural development and agricultural transformation with specific example of a country or a region.
2. Briefly explain at least 5 major structural characteristics of agriculture of three regions: Latin America, Sub-Saharan Africa and Asia
3. Women bear a disproportionate burden in the agrarian system of sub-Saharan Africa, Asia and Latin America. In addition, their productivity is low. Explain these statements with specific examples from individual developing economies. What measures/policies have been implemented to deal with these two issues? Once again discuss with specific examples from individual developing economies.
4. What are some of the specific policies aimed at improving the productivity of women farmers in Kenya? Is it possible for adapting the same policy prescription for the productivity of women in India
5. What role should the governments play with respect to the agricultural sector in developing countries to align with new industrializations policy in their attempts to alleviate poverty?
5
Must comply with all the writing requirements, including APA guidelines for proper citation and references, provided in the beginning of the class. For example: Please provide proper citations and reference list are required as part of the academic honesty and integrity, as guided by APA writing style. You also need to post comments to at least one person’s posting as part of your required response.
Select any two of the following 4 questions and post your brief but concise answers here. Also, please respond to at least one posting by another fellow student to complete your answer.
1. What are some of the differences between the population policies of China and India? What factors may have contributed to their success or failure?
Hints: Efforts in India, a functioning democracy (despite the authoritarian tendencies of Mrs. Gandhi in the 1970s), have meant that population control have come up against resistance. On the other hand, China’s ability (inherent in its political system) to enforce birth control policies has meant it has been more successful. Ref: Todaro and Smith Text Ch. 6 and related articles
2. India’s population is expected to overtake that of China within the next decade. What differences between these two nations could have contributed to this outcome?
Hints: Similar to Q #3, but different approach. Ref Todaro and Smith textbook Ch. 6 and related articles
3. What are the characteristics of those who migrate to urban areas? What positive and negative effects does their leaving have on those who remain? Explain what is meant by urban bias. What are the major effects of urban bias?
Hints: Younger, better educated, and probably less risk-averse, given their willingness to migrate. These factors suggest they could be more entrepreneurial than average had they not migrated, which would benefit the rural area and help alleviate the urbanization problem.
Developing country policies that favor the urban sector with a disproportionate share of investments in infrastructure, factories, buildings, and education. This creates a widening gap in incomes and amenities between urban and rural economies and induces rural–urban migration. Ref. Todaro and Smith Textbook Ch. 7 and related articles
4. Discuss the importance of rural–urban migration as a source of urban population growth in various parts of the developing world, being as specific as you can. How did this migration process work for the rapid growth in China as compared to other comparable densely populated developing countries?
Hints: In Ch. 7 of Todaro and Smith book for the first part of the question. Also read Ch.4 case studies for the second part of this question and related articles
Also read Ch. 6 of Todaro and Smith textbook for population and econ Dev section.
6
Select any 2 of the following 4 Qs and post your responses here. Also post your responses/comments to at at least on of your class mates postings here by replying to his/her postings.
Please note: Your postings will not be acceptable for grading without proper citations and references guided by either APA writing style or MLA style. There will no make up for this discussion if not submitted properly with basic requirements.
1. Briefly describe concept of sustainable economic development in the context of developing countries.
Give a specific example of a country as part of your answer.
2. What are the main causes of environmental degradation in developing countries? Explain each of those causes and their effect on sustainable economic development
3. Critically describe the social and economic cost of deforestation and water pollution in developing countries. What is the role of the governments to mitigate those environmental costs? What developed countries can do in helping the governments of developing countries?
4. How will global warming and climate change adversely impact the “poor,” particularly in developing nations? Give a specific country example you have read about.
Forum 7
Please answer the following questions asked from the section of Urbanization and Rural-Urban Migration of Economic Development. In order to obtain credible scores in this forum, you must provide proper citations and their corresponding references of reading materials in your contents of answers. You are also required to respond to at least one of your cohort’s posting in this forum. 20 pts
1. Provide a list of positive and negative externalities of rapid urbanization in major cities in developing countries with their sources of externalities. Also provided real world case study example in your answer. 5 pts
2. What is urban bias as one of the key factors for rapid urbanization? Giving an case study example, briefly provide a few viable recommendations to address the problem of urban bias. 5 pts
3. Critically and briefly describe the importance of growing urban slums with its pros and cons in the context of real world economic development in major cities in developing countries. As an economic adviser, what would be your list recommendations to address the problems of urban slums. Provide example of case study in the real world of economic development. 5 pts
4. What are the key sources of urban congestions and their effects on urban lives in the context of health and sustainability? As a part of solution suggested by many economists and policy experts suggested to significantly reduced the cars driving to cities. Why do you think that the limiting the cars to the metropolitan and cosmopolitan cities would be extremely difficult by city authorities in near future? 5 pts
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You fill all the paper instructions in the order form. Make sure you include all the helpful materials so that our academic writers can deliver the perfect paper. It will also help to eliminate unnecessary revisions.
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